New research by Colliers reveals a diverse network of AI clusters across Europe, with the three leading hubs attracting a share of talent, investment and business expansion while creating new demand for offices and digital infrastructure.
Colliers’ research shows AI is growing strongly across Europe, with AI clusters emerging in major office markets and smaller academic and specialist hubs.
‘AI Clusters in Europe: Where AI companies are growing and what it means for office demand’ identifies London, Paris and Berlin as Europe’s leading AI clusters, attracting talent, investment and business expansion. A second tier of hubs is emerging in Munich, Zürich, Amsterdam, Dublin, Stockholm, Warsaw, Barcelona and Helsinki, while other cities are developing increasingly specialised AI ecosystems.
Beyond these established hubs, Madrid, Milan and Copenhagen are emerging as specialised AI clusters, building on local academic expertise and established technology and industrial strengths.
Colliers’ analysis of AI clusters in Europe finds that the most successful bring together four critical ingredients – government-led initiatives, strong startup ecosystems, universities and research institutions, and Big Tech laboratories. Substantial data centre capacity provides an important supporting foundation.
London and Paris are the only European AI clusters that currently combine all four ingredients at scale, supported by data centre capacity. Berlin has developed a different model, driven by its startup culture, engineering talent and distributed network of entrepreneurial and research-led districts.
The research also points to significant economic potential. AI is expected to increase European GDP by around 10% to 11% by 2030 through productivity gains, automation and the creation of new products and services. The EU’s strategic challenge is not primarily a lack of innovation, but its ability to commercialise research, attract investment and build globally competitive AI businesses.
“AI is rapidly becoming an economic geography and real estate story. Its growth is reinforcing the importance of cities that can bring together specialist talent, research, capital, infrastructure and enterprise customers.
“The implications extend well beyond the technology sector. The cities that develop successful AI ecosystems will be better placed to attract investment, create high-value employment and secure new sources of office demand.”
Damian Harrington, Head of Research, Global Capital Markets & EMEA, Colliers
The impact is already becoming visible in occupational markets. AI businesses are creating demand directly as they recruit and expand, while the adoption of AI is also driving transformation across existing office-based sectors.
The report identifies a new type of occupier – highly capitalised, exceptionally fast-growing AI businesses that recruit aggressively and can outgrow their premises within a relatively short period. Many initially use serviced or flexible offices before moving into larger permanent premises, making their full real estate footprint trickier to capture through conventional leasing data.
In London, AI businesses accounted for 19% of total London office take-up in the second quarter of 2026, up from 10% in the previous quarter. Colliers mentions that London may be an outlier in scale, but its experience illustrates the potential effect on other European markets as their AI clusters mature.
“AI businesses are not choosing locations on cost alone. Access to highly skilled people, universities, research institutions, venture capital and established technology networks is central to their decisions.
“This is helping to reinforce successful metropolitan ecosystems and the innovation districts within them. It also creates an opportunity for European cities with strong academic or specialist foundations to build distinctive positions within the wider AI economy.”
Karin Witalis, Associate Director, Commercial Real Estate, EMEA Research, Colliers
For investors and developers, the growth of AI brings both a demand opportunity and a product challenge. The report finds that the buildings best placed to attract AI occupiers are likely to combine strong locations, high-capacity digital and power infrastructure, flexible layouts, collaboration space and the ability to accommodate rapid growth.
Although AI’s long-term effect on employment and real estate remains uncertain, Colliers concludes that it is already reinforcing demand for high-quality offices and digital infrastructure in Europe’s most talent-rich cities.
